Bharat Ratna

भारत रत्‍न

Bharat Ratna, the highest civilian award in India. Bharat translates to “India” and ratna to “gem” or “jewel.” Instituted by the government in 1954, the Bharat Ratna is given in recognition of “exceptional service” or “performance of the highest order” in “any field of human endeavour.” Although the Bharat Ratna is usually limited to a maximum of three awards per year, in 1999 the government deferred that restriction and awarded the Bharat Ratna to four people, and in 2024 five recipients were announced. The Bharat Ratna awards were temporarily suspended between mid-1977 and early 1980 and then between mid-1992 and 1995, following changes in the federal government and some lawsuits, respectively. Also, the Bharat Ratna is not necessarily awarded every year. Since its inception, there have been years when no Bharat Ratna has been awarded. Recommendations for the award are made by the prime minister to the president of the country. Bharat Ratna recipients are awarded a medallion and a certificate (sanad) signed by the president of India..

Award recipients: 1954 to 2019
Chakravarti Rajagopalachari – 1954
Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan – 1954
C. V. Raman – 1954
Bhagwan Das – 1955
M. Visvesvaraya – 1955
Jawaharlal Nehru – 1955
Govind Ballabh Pant – 1957
Dhondo Keshav Karve – 1958
Bidhan Chandra Roy – 1961
Purushottam Das Tandon – 1961
Rajendra Prasad – 1962
Zakir Husain – 1963
Pandurang Vaman Kane – 1963
Lal Bahadur Shastri – 1966
Indira Gandhi – 1971
V. V. Giri – 1975
K. Kamaraj – 1976
Mother Teresa – 1980
Vinoba Bhave – 1983
Abdul Ghaffar Khan – 1987
M. G. Ramachandran – 1988
B. R. Ambedkar – 1990
Nelson Mandela – 1990
Rajiv Gandhi – 1991
Vallabhbhai Patel – 1991
Morarji Desai – 1991
Abul Kalam Azad – 1992
J. R. D. Tata – 1992
Satyajit Ray – 1992
Gulzarilal Nanda – 1997
Aruna Asaf Ali – 1997
A. P. J. Abdul Kalam – 1997
M. S. Subbulakshmi – 1998
Chidambaram Subramaniam – 1998
Jayaprakash Narayan – 1999
Amartya Sen – 1999
Gopinath Bordoloi – 1999
Ravi Shankar – 1999
Lata Mangeshkar – 2001
Bismillah Khan – 2001
Bhimsen Joshi – 2009
C. N. R. Rao – 2014
Sachin Tendulkar – 2014
Atal Bihari Vajpayee – 2015
Madan Mohan Malaviya – 2015
Nanaji Deshmukh – 2019
Bhupen Hazarika – 2019

Bharat Ratna: The Highest Civilian Award of India

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